Example 1: University Online Portal Introduction & Context A web platform for student registration, faculty administration, and course materials. Problem Solved: Centralizing academic data for easy access and updates. System Components Web Frontend, Database Server, Authentication Service, Faculty & Student Portals. Workflow & Data Flow Students log in → requests go through the Auth service → data is pulled from the main DB. Modules communicate via REST APIs. Scaling & Resilience Load balancers handle peak registration periods. Database replication ensures high availability. Security & Maintenance SSL certificates, periodic DB backups, version-controlled updates. Conclusion Future expansions might include mobile app integration or AI-based course recommendations.