Optimized Python Solution

**Objective:** Create a well-structured and concise Python code that fetches weather information for a given city using an API. **Utilize Module/Library:** `requests` for making HTTP requests and `json` for handling JSON responses. **Optimization:** The code is optimized for efficiency by handling potential errors gracefully and using appropriate HTTP status codes for validation. **Coding Standards/Good Practices:** Follow PEP 8 coding standards and include meaningful variable/function names and comments for clarity. **Test Cases/Scenarios:** Test the code with a valid city, an invalid city, and handle potential edge cases like a network failure or an unreachable API. ```python import requests import json def get_weather(city_name): """ Fetches weather information for a given city using an API. Args: - city_name (str): Name of the city. Returns: - dict: Weather information in a dictionary format. Raises: - requests.exceptions.RequestException: If there is an issue with the HTTP request. - ValueError: If the city name is not provided or the API response is not in JSON format. """ # Check if the city name is provided if not city_name: raise ValueError("City name is required.") # API endpoint for weather information api_url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city_name}&appid=YOUR_API_KEY" try: # Make the HTTP request response = requests.get(api_url) # Check if the request was successful (HTTP status code 200) response.raise_for_status() # Parse the JSON response weather_data = response.json() # Check if the response contains weather information if "main" in weather_data and "weather" in weather_data: return weather_data else: raise ValueError("Invalid response format. Missing weather information.") except requests.exceptions.RequestException as req_err: raise req_err except json.JSONDecodeError: raise ValueError("Invalid JSON format in the API response.") if __name__ == "__main__": # Test cases try: # Valid city city_weather = get_weather("London") print("Weather in London:", city_weather) # Invalid city invalid_city_weather = get_weather("InvalidCityName") print("Weather in InvalidCityName:", invalid_city_weather) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as req_err: print(f"Error making HTTP request: {req_err}") except ValueError as value_err: print(f"ValueError: {value_err}") ``` **Comments:** - Replace `"YOUR_API_KEY"` in the `api_url` variable with a valid OpenWeatherMap API key. - The `get_weather` function returns a dictionary containing weather information or raises appropriate exceptions. - Test cases demonstrate how to use the `get_weather` function for both valid and invalid city names. - Handle exceptions to provide meaningful error messages. - Ensure to keep sensitive information (like API keys) secure and do not share them in public repositories.