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Physics - Mechanics Exam Instructions: This exam consists of 15 multiple choice questions, 7 short answer questions, and 3 optional but challenging questions that can earn you an additional A if answered correctly. Please note that the additional questions are optional and are not required to pass the exam. The exam aims to test your understanding of the critical aspects of physics - mechanics, including its significance, history, current trends, challenges, and potential solutions. The questions are designed to cover a broad range of difficulty levels, from basic to more complex, and to assess your knowledge of specific details and overarching concepts. Please read each question carefully and answer it to the best of your ability. Make sure you provide clear and concise answers that demonstrate your understanding of the topic. Multiple Choice Questions (15) Which of the following is NOT a fundamental force in nature? a) Gravitational force b) Electromagnetic force c) Strong force d) Weak force What is the unit of force in the SI system? a) Joule b) Newton c) Watt d) Meter Which of the following is an example of an elastic collision? a) Two cars colliding head-on and sticking together b) A ball bouncing off a wall c) A pendulum swinging back and forth d) A roller coaster going down a hill What is the formula for calculating work done by a constant force? a) W = Fd b) W = F/a c) W = ma d) W = mv Which of the following is an example of a non-conservative force? a) Friction b) Gravity c) Spring force d) Electric force What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy? a) KE = 1/2mv^2 b) KE = mgh c) KE = Fd d) KE = QV Which of the following is an example of rotational motion? a) A car moving in a straight line b) A ball rolling down a hill c) A figure skater spinning on the ice d) A plane flying in the air What is the law of conservation of energy? a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another b) An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force c) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction d) The force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses Which of the following is an example of a simple harmonic oscillator? a) A pendulum b) A spring c) A car d) A rocket What is the formula for calculating the period of a pendulum? a) T = 2πL/g b) T = 2π/g c) T = L/g d) T = πL/g Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical wave? a) Sound wave b) Light wave c) Water wave d) Earthquake wave What is the formula for calculating the speed of a wave? a) v = fλ b) v = f + λ c) v = f/λ d) v = f - λ Which of the following is an example of Newton's Third Law of Motion? a) A car accelerating down a hill b) A ball bouncing off a wall c) A rocket launching into space d) A person walking on the ground What is the formula for calculating torque? a) τ = Fd b) τ = Fsinθ c) τ = Fcosθ d) τ = Ftanθ What is the formula for calculating power? a) P = Fd/t b) P = W/t c) P = F/t d) P = mv Short Answer Questions (7) Define Newton's First Law of Motion and provide an example. Explain the difference between static friction and kinetic friction. Describe the concept of work-energy theorem and how it applies to simple machines. Define momentum and its conservation. Explain the relationship between period and frequency in waves. What is Hooke's Law and how does it relate to simple harmonic motion? Describe the concept of centripetal force and provide an example. Optional Challenging Questions (3) Explain the difference between linear and angular momentum, and provide an example of each. Describe the concept of potential energy and its relationship to work. Provide an example. What is the principle of least action and how does it relate to classical mechanics?